Informatics Publishing Limited

Suman Ghalawat ¹, Sunita Mehla ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, IN

Abstract

Stress is an integral part of life, especially for a college student. It has effects on people's behavior, communications and efficiency. Academic institutions have different work settings compared to non-academics and therefore one would expect the difference in symptoms, causes, and consequences of stress. The present paper has empirically investigated two objectives: first, to investigate the factors that influence individual stress level and second to assess the relative significance of these factors on overall stress management among students. The study is based on a sample of 150 respondents from Hisar district of Haryana state and applied statistical tools of factor analysis and regression analysis to achieve the objective of the study.

Factor analysis gets five factors named as: personal problem, relationship problem, social problem, academic problem and lastly environmental problem. Results of regression analysis reveals that students of colleges are usually facing stress more from relationship and environmental problems.

Keywords

Academic Problem, Factor Analysis, Regression Analysis.

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Sunita Mehla ¹, Suman Ghalawat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, IN
2 Dept of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Behavioral finance considers the impact of individual's attitude on their financial decisions. The present paper empirically assesses the factors that influences the individual behavior regarding everyday financial decisions and further examine the impact of demographic variables on these factors. The study is mainly primary data based with a sample of 250 respondents from Hisar district of Haryana state and applied statistical tools of factor analysis and one way ANOVA to achieve the objective of the study. The factor analysis discloses nine factors which are named as compulsive shopper, financial awareness, financial botheration, financial advice, concern for future, saving schemes, composed decision believes in savings and income. Further, gender, age, marital status and occupation are found to have significant impact on the derived factors.

Keywords

Financial Behavior, Factor Analysis, ANOVA.

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Suman Ghalawat ¹, Amita Girdhar ¹, Ruby Siwach ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 College of Dairy Science and Technology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Cell telephones are not the best medium of connecting with every other but have end up medium for social interaction and additionally on the sale-purchase activity. They have end up necessity of life and also popularity symbol for the teenagers. Agencies are also taking advantage by advertising and with the aid of supplying products and services via cell apps. The present paper investigates the factors related to the perception of college students towards mobile advertisements. The study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 250 respondents from colleges of Hisar district of Haryana state. Suitable statistical tools like factor analysis have been used to analyse the data. The factor component analysis reveals seven factors named as: quality of services, familiarity with advertisements, cost, adoption of mobile advertisements, services and privacy. Component analysis discloses that student's cognizance greater on quality of services, cost and adoption of mobile ads while subscribing to any service provider Furthermore respondents also reveal that fee is likewise the crucial component whilst transferring to some other provider as college students wants less expensive call cost/sec in addition to initial subscription cost.

Keywords

Cell Apps, College Students, Privacy, Subscription Cost and Service Provider.

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Suman Ghalawat ¹, Amita Girdhar ¹, Akhil Sangwan ², Sunita Mehla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 ADO Analyst Quality Control Lab Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Online shopping is an innovative and emerging market for youth. Online shopping provides college students with a large variety of products from which he can make comparative analy si s and pick the best out of it. The study focused to determine the relationship of online shopping variables with factors influencing overall satisfaction among students. In the present scenario, college students are mostly doing online shopping. In this paper factor analysis and ANOVA has been used to achieve the objective of the study. In the study, primary data has been collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaire from 200 college students from Hisar district of Haryana. Factor analysis discloses six factors namely threat to a system, customer care, information sharing, online shopping advertising and lastly online schemes. ANOVA analysis discloses that preferred payment method, amount of money spent for online shopping on items and reasons for online payment has significant relationship with threat to system and information sharing. On the other hand, amount of money spent for online shopping on items has significant relationship with customer care, whereas reason for online payment has significant relationship with awareness.

Keywords

Online Shopping, Emerging Market, Semi-Structured and Online Shopping Advertising.

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Sunita Mehla ¹, Suman Ghalawat ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Organic foods are basically natural food which are ecologically safe and produced with environmentally harmless processes. These foods do not contain man made inputs like pesticides, chemical fertilizers, genetically modified organisms and are not processed by means of irradiation, industrial solvents or chemical food additives. The study focused to study the demographic profile of respondents and to identify the reasons for buying organic product. In this paper descriptive analysis has been used to achieve the objective of the study. In the study, primary data has been collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaire from 200 respondents from Hisar district of Haryana. Respondents have a relatively equal proportion of males (58 %) and females (42 %). Majority of the respondents (5 8%) were married. Respondents are young and dynamic. Majority belongs to service and students mix. Moreover, most of the respondents were from middle income group. Majority of the respondents purchase organic product online, followed by retail shops. As we can see our respondents are youth and generally preferred online shopping. Respondents prefer to buy food/drink (40%), followed by cosmetics (35%) and clothes (25%). Regarding the reason for buying organic product, majority of the respondents preferred organic product because of the quality of organic product (64%), followed by health concern (19%), and prefer the taste/texture/feeling (17%). Youth is more concern about their health and ready to pay high price for the quality product.

Keywords

Ecologically, Ecologically, Genetically Modified Organisms and Factor Analysis.

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Nidhi ¹, Saurabh ², Suman Ghalawat ¹, Sunita Mehla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 D.N. College, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

With the increasing usage of internet, online shopping is growing rapidly and it is preferred by large number of consumer for satisfying their needs. For this consumers have number of online platforms from which they make their online purchase. While making purchase decision on online platforms there are number of factors that influence them to buy the product from particular site. So this study has been conducted to identify the different factors which influence the consumer. In this study factor analysis technique is used to achieve the objective of the research. In this study primary data has been collected with the help of structured questionnaire from 100 respondents of Hisar city. By using factor analysis, it has been found that there are basically four main factors which influence the consumer to purchase online product. These factors are: Media Form, Buying Force, Sales Promotion and Test Marketing. Out of these four factor media form is one of the most important factor which influence the consumer. The Cronbach Alpha value for these factors are 0.872, 0.836, and 0.804 which are highly significant. Thus it can be concluded that the different online platforms work more and more on these factors to influence the consumer.

Keywords

Online Shopping, Factors, Media Form, Buying Force and Test Marketing.

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Amita Girdhar ¹, Jyoti Pareek ¹, Suman Ghalawat ¹, Megha Goyal ², Subodh Agarwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to present various issues and problems of vegetables supply chain in Fatehabad, a district situated in south-western part of Haryana. The purpose of this study was to see the issues perceived by the farmers in vegetable cultivation and to explore the link of the chosen characteristics of the vegetable growers with their problems. In this survey total 200 farmers were selected from various part of Fatehabad. Information about various aspects of vegetable supply chain management were collected, ranging from demographic to storage and transportation. It can be concluded that the supply chain of Vegetables is burdened with post-harvest wastages and losses due to long chain, dependency on chain, lack of transportation facilities, less efficient Mandi system, poor infrastructure of distribution, less adequate cold chain facilities, higher cost of packing, poor linkage in supply chain etc. It results in poor price realization of farmers on one hand and over prices paid by buyers on the other end.

Keywords

Supply Chain Management, Demographic, Transportation, Vegetables

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Megha Goyal ¹, Vinay Mehla ², Shivender Dhiman ¹, Ekta Yadav ¹, Suman Ghalawat ¹

Affiliations
1 CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana

Abstract

In this era of globalisation, it is very vital for Indian farmers to produce higher production within minimum cost by emphasizes the need to educate farmers for adopting improved technology. Vermicompost is superior among the most efficient methods for recycling organic waste as with the hefty use of fertilizers, the fertile lands were affected and as a result humans were immensely affected. It is an eco-friendly easy technology for handling biodegradable waste and encourage efficient recycling of biomass even generates income and employment for the rural poor is being promoted as a prudent option. The present study was conducted to Assess the Farmer's Attitude and Knowledge, Factors Influencing and Constraints faced by them in the adoption of Vermicompost in Jind district, Haryana. The findings of the study exhibited that the majority of farmers (82% & above) agreed that the use of vermicompost decreases the use of fertilizers, it also reduces the environmental pollution and improve the quality & quantity of output. Further validity and reliability of a questionnaire has been tested using Cronbach's alpha method. The factor analysis with 12 observed variables summarized in terms of three imperative factors with Cronbach alpha values .845, .836 and .674. Cronbach alpha for all the factors is greater than 0.6, hence questionnaire is reliable and strength of factor 1 is more with higher value of Cronbach alpha. The study has specified that majority of farmers (84%) were having moderate level of knowledge and a favorable attitude towards vermicompost technology. In addition, major constraints noted were- the non-availability of worms in nearby market, high temperature during summers and lack of knowledge about preparation of vermicompost. As a whole, the findings of the study concluded that food safety, better plant quality, environmental safety, nutrition content & improve soil aeration are effective variables with high factor loading. Vermicomposting technology is highly beneficial and helps in improving the economic status of the manufacturers and farmers. To remove constraints and for hastening the use of vermicompost, it is essential to train farmers, every stakeholder including farmers, governmental functionaries and non-governmental organizations should focus and organized efforts need to be taken to remove the constraints.

Keywords

Vermicompost, Assessment, Reliability, Factor Analysis, Farmer's Attitude and Knowledge, Constraints

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Satyakaam Malik ¹, Atul Dhingra ¹, Suman Ghalawat ¹, Dalip Bishnoi ², Manoj Goyal ³, A. K. Godara ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Statistics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The quality of agricultural and rural development training can be improved through proper training of trainers. However, the progress of extension trainer training in India has been slow and gradual. With the ever-changing technological environment, existing skills become obsolete and new skills are constantly needed. Effective training requires sensitivity beyond subject matter knowledge to effectively teach adult learners. Additionally, Indian agriculture has experienced a shift from production-oriented technology to market-oriented knowledge and technology due to globalization and the WTO regime. This highlights the need to strengthen efforts for training of trainers through a systematic approach. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of training programs conducted by the EEI by analysing the feedback and responses of trainers, taking into account their demographics.

Keywords

agriculture, demography, impact, training, trainers.

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Ankita Sharma ¹, Sunita Mehla ¹, Suman Ghalawat ¹, Jitender Kumar Bhatia ², Nitin Bhardwaj ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Directorate of Human Resource Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Mathematics & Statistics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Financial inclusion is one of the important aspects to increase the financial growth of an economy. It is one of the oldest concepts in Indian history. Earlier, informal key players such as money lenders, brokers, etc. used to give credit to the farmers for the inputs required for the production of crops. But in today's scenario, the situation has changed a lot. Formal financial institutions especially banks have taken the pace for lending money to each and every section of the society. For the inclusion of the poor and economically backward sections, the government of India with the help of banks has launched various schemes. Knowing the status of financial parameters in the economy from time to time is also important so that the amendments can be considered for raising the status of financial inclusion. For the present study, one important parameter viz. savings in the accounts of respondents was considered to recognize the status of savings in the study area. The study was undertaken in the Hisar and Kaithal districts of Haryana. Binary logistic regression as a tool was performed to examine the impact of socio-economic variables on the undertaken parameter among the selected sample of households in both the districts. The results concluded that a rise in income and employment level will increase the savings in the accounts of bank account holders of the study areas.

Keywords

financial inclusion, rural households, savings, logistic regression, socio-economic variables.

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Anamika ¹, Suman Ghalawat ¹, Megha Goyal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Tomatoes are one of the most important commercial crops grown in Haryana and its marketing plays a crucial role in the economy of the state. Due to its perishable nature, the marketing and disposal pattern requires a well-planned transportation system to ensure optimum quality tomatoes to ultimate consumers and less spoilage and losses. The present study was conducted in Kurukshetra, Karnal, and Yamuna Nagar Districts of Haryana. The data was collected from 70 farmers from each district making a total sample of 210 farmers with the help of pre-structured survey schedule to study. The results of the study concluded that the total production, farm retention, marketable surplus, losses and marketed surplus were 475.43 (100), 8.63 (1.81%), 466.80 (98.19%), 34.55 (7.27%) and 432.25 (90.92%) quintal per hectare at overall level. On overall basis, 82.08 per cent of produce was sold or disposed through wholesaler-cum-commission agents followed by 10.16 per cent of produce through retailers and 7.76 per cent of produce was sold directly to consumers. It was suggested to direct marketing strategies to avail significant profit. Tomato growers should sell their produce directly to consumers, retailers and processors, thereby eliminating intermediaries such as wholesalers, commission agents, traders and secure high profit margins for their produce.

Keywords

marketed surplus, marketable surplus, producers' surplus, farm retention, disposal pattern.

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Satyakaam Malik ¹, Suman Ghalawat ², Atul Dhingra ², Abhilash ³, Rekha Malik ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana Extension Education Institute, Nilokheri, Karnal, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 ICAR–Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, IN
4 ICAR–Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Agrasain Marg, Karnal, Haryana, IN

Abstract

This research investigates various aspects related to the effectiveness of extension methods used by officers in the Agricultural department to impart knowledge and skills in agriculture. The study analyses the utilization of effective extension methods by officers and reveals that a majority (90%) of the officers utilize such methods while a small fraction (10%) does not. Additionally, the level of knowledge, attitude, and skill of agriculture officers regarding extension before attending training is examined. The findings indicate that officers have varying levels of understanding, with 56.67% having an average level, 26.67% having a high level, and only 16.67% having a very high level. The research also explores the role of HR training in enhancing the efficiency of agriculture officers through the development of soft skills. The results show that a significant majority of respondents (86.67%) believe that HR training is helpful or very helpful in improving officer efficiency, highlighting the importance of such training for performance enhancement. Moreover, the study examines the opinions regarding the requirement and extent of HR training for officers and employees in agriculture departments. The majority of respondents (83.33%) believe that HR training is very much required, emphasizing the perceived need for such training in the industry. Additionally, 90% of respondents believe that 90% of officers and employees in agriculture departments require HR training. Furthermore, the research assesses the effectiveness of different types of extension training based on the opinions of trainers. The results reveal a preference for on-campus training among 60% of trainers, while 40% believe that off-campus training is more fruitful. These findings suggest a notable difference in the perceived effectiveness of these training methods. The insights provided by this study can inform decision-making regarding the prioritization of extension training types to maximize their impact and success. Overall, this research paper sheds light on the effectiveness of extension methods, the importance of HR training, and the opinions on training requirements and types in the agriculture sector. The findings contribute to the understanding of training practices and can guide organizations in designing and implementing effective training programs for agriculture officers and employees.

Keywords

agriculture, extension, impact, training, trainers

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Satyakaam Malik ¹, Suman Ghalawat ², Atul Dhingra ², Abhilash ³, Rekha Malik ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana Extension Education Institute, Nilokheri, Karnal, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 ICAR–Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, IN
4 ICAR–Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Agrasain Marg, Karnal, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The efficacy of agricultural and rural development training can be enhanced through the appropriate training of trainers. Nevertheless, the advancement of extension trainer training in India has shown a sluggish and gradual progression. In the face of a rapidly evolving technological landscape, existing competencies become outdated, necessitating the acquisition of new skills. Effective training necessitates a nuanced understanding that extends beyond subject matter expertise to effectively engage adult learners. Moreover, Indian agriculture has undergone a transformation from production-oriented technology to market-oriented knowledge and technology, primarily driven by globalization and the regulations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This underscores the imperative to reinforce endeavors aimed at trainer training through a systematic approach. This study sought to investigate the correlation between training aspects, methods, and needs within the context of impactful training programs conducted at the Extension Education Institute in Nilokheri, Karnal, Haryana.

Keywords

agriculture, demography, impact, training, trainers

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